Tax Debt And Distraint

Distraint is the process of seizing a person's possessions to sell at auction, in order to clear outstanding tax debt. The taxman has the legal right to take this action without a court order, but a certain procedure needs to be followed to stay within the law.

Warning Letter

Firstly, a letter will be sent to the debtor warning that distraint action is about to begin. This will be followed by a visit to the debtor's home or premises by a tax collector, in order to assess what assets and possessions of value may be taken. This visit must take place between sunrise and sunset on any day except Sundays and public holidays, and while no appointment needs to be made or time of visit announced in advance, the collector can only make a 'peaceful entry' to your home. In other words, if you refuse entry, the collector will need to apply for a court order before going any further.

Seizure of Possessions

During the visit, a list of seizable items and their value will be made. Most of your personal possessions are able to be taken, but there are several exemptions. Firstly, any item essential for your work or trade cannot be taken if this would impair you ability to carry on working. Clothes are exempt, as are perishable foods and the basics of living - a chair and table, along with basic cooking equipment, and a bed are the often cited examples of such basics.

Finally, any item which is jointly owned or wholly owned by someone else is ineligable for seizure.

Last Chance Before Seizure

Once this list has been drawn up, you will normally be given a period of 5 days in which to either clear your debt or reach a repayment agreement. If this is not done, then the taxman has the right to seize the goods and sell them at auction, often for a fraction of their true value, meaning that even after distraint your debt might not be fully cleared.

What To Do If You Receive A Distraint Notice

If you receive a letter warning of distraint, it's vital to get in touch with your tax office as soon as possible. In many cases, the whole process can be avoided by reaching an agreement to repay over a mutually acceptable period. In fact, only about one in a thousand distraint warnings actually result in the sale of goods.

If you find the whole issue seriously worrying, then consult with a tax debt specialist or charity such as Citizens' Advice, who will have had plenty of experience in the area of tax debt and will be able to ensure that even if distraint can't be avoided, at least it will be carried out in a fair and reasonable manner.